2017年3月31日金曜日

TPO 48 講義2(Earth Science:formation of some special volcanos)

(単語)
crust:地殻
tectonic:地質構造の
slab:スラブ(別のプレートの下に沈み込む海洋プレート)
boundary:境界
molten:溶かされた
lava:溶岩
anomaly:例外
come up with:思いつく
hot-spot theory:ホットスポット説(ホットスポット:プレートより下のマントルに生成源があると推定されるマグマが吹きあがってくる場所)
go on for:そろそろ~になる、~に近い
plume:プルーム(マントルの中でも周囲よりはるかに高温の部分が上昇すること)
plume hypothesis;プルーム仮説
column:柱
well up:沸き出る、湧き上がる
all the way up to:〜まで
flame:炎
intensely:極度に
one after another:次々に
dormant:休止状態の
extinct:活動をやめた
Incidentally:ちなみに
topographic:地理的な
almost that much again:それとほぼ同じくらいの量
seismographic:地震学の
geochemical:地球化学の
be consistent with:〜と一致する
determined:断固とした
well-regarded:高評価の
Proponent:支持者
sequence:〜を並べる

(設問)
問1.
What is the lecture mainly about?
C. Explanations for why volcanoes occur in some locations

問2.
According to the professor, why was the hot spot theory originally proposed?
A. To explain prolonged volcanic activity far from plate boundaries

問3.
Why does the professor describe moving a sheet of heavy paper over a candle?
C. To illustrate one hypothesis for the way some volcanic anomalies are formed

問4.
Why does the professor discuss how high one of the Hawaiian Islands rises above the ocean floor?
D. To emphasize that hotspot volcanoes can produce large amounts of magma

問5.
According to the crack hypothesis, what causes a hot spot?
D. Hot magma flows up at a point where a tectonic plate has been stretched thin.

問6.
What is the professor’s opinion of the two main hypotheses he presents?
B. Each hypothesis accounts for some, but not all volcanic anomalies.



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